: Non-static method JModuleHelper::getModules() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
: Non-static method JModuleHelper::_load() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
: Non-static method JRequest::getBool() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
: Non-static method JRequest::getVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
: Non-static method JRequest::_cleanVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
: Non-static method JFilterInput::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
: Non-static method JModuleHelper::getModules() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
: Non-static method JModuleHelper::_load() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
: Non-static method JRequest::getBool() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
: Non-static method JRequest::getVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
: Non-static method JRequest::_cleanVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
: Non-static method JFilterInput::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
Strict Standards: Non-static method JLoader::load() should not be called statically in
/var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/loader.php on line
161
Strict Standards: Non-static method JLoader::register() should not be called statically in
/var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/loader.php on line
138
Strict Standards: Non-static method JFactory::getSession() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/application.php on line
374
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::getModules() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/document/html/html.php on line
272
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::_load() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line
88
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getBool() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line
97
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line
217
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::_cleanVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line
151
Strict Standards: Non-static method JFilterInput::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line
577
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::getModules() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/document/html/html.php on line
272
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::_load() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line
88
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getBool() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line
97
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line
217
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::_cleanVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line
151
Strict Standards: Non-static method JFilterInput::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line
577
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::getModules() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/document/html/html.php on line 272
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::_load() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 88
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getBool() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 97
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 217
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::_cleanVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 151
Strict Standards: Non-static method JFilterInput::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 577
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::getModules() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/document/html/html.php on line 272
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::_load() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 88
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getBool() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 97
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 217
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::_cleanVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 151
Strict Standards: Non-static method JFilterInput::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 577
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::getModules() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/document/html/html.php on line 272
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::_load() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 88
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getBool() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 97
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 217
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::_cleanVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 151
Strict Standards: Non-static method JFilterInput::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 577
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::getModules() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/document/html/html.php on line 272
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::_load() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 88
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getBool() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 97
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 217
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::_cleanVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 151
Strict Standards: Non-static method JFilterInput::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 577
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::getModules() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/document/html/html.php on line 272
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::_load() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 88
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getBool() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 97
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 217
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::_cleanVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 151
Strict Standards: Non-static method JFilterInput::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 577
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::getModules() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/document/html/html.php on line 272
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::_load() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 88
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getBool() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 97
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 217
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::_cleanVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 151
Strict Standards: Non-static method JFilterInput::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 577
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::getModules() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/document/html/html.php on line 272
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::_load() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 88
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getBool() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 97
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 217
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::_cleanVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 151
Strict Standards: Non-static method JFilterInput::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 577
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::getModules() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/document/html/html.php on line 272
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::_load() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 88
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getBool() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 97
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 217
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::_cleanVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 151
Strict Standards: Non-static method JFilterInput::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 577
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::getModules() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/document/html/html.php on line 272
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::_load() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 88
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getBool() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 97
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 217
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::_cleanVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 151
Strict Standards: Non-static method JFilterInput::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 577
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::getModules() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/document/html/html.php on line 272
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::_load() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 88
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getBool() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 97
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 217
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::_cleanVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 151
Strict Standards: Non-static method JFilterInput::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 577
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::getModules() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/document/html/html.php on line 272
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::_load() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 88
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getBool() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 97
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 217
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::_cleanVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 151
Strict Standards: Non-static method JFilterInput::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 577
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::getModules() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/document/html/html.php on line 272
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::_load() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 88
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getBool() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 97
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 217
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::_cleanVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 151
Strict Standards: Non-static method JFilterInput::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 577
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::getModules() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/document/html/html.php on line 272
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::_load() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 88
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getBool() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 97
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 217
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::_cleanVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 151
Strict Standards: Non-static method JFilterInput::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 577
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::getModules() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/document/html/html.php on line 272
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::_load() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 88
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getBool() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 97
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 217
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::_cleanVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 151
Strict Standards: Non-static method JFilterInput::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 577
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::getModules() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/document/html/html.php on line 272
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::_load() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 88
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getBool() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 97
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 217
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::_cleanVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 151
Strict Standards: Non-static method JFilterInput::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 577
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::getModules() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/document/html/html.php on line 272
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::_load() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 88
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getBool() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 97
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 217
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::_cleanVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 151
Strict Standards: Non-static method JFilterInput::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 577
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::getModules() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/document/html/html.php on line 272
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::_load() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 88
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getBool() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 97
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 217
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::_cleanVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 151
Strict Standards: Non-static method JFilterInput::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 577
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::getModules() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/document/html/html.php on line 272
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::_load() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 88
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getBool() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 97
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 217
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::_cleanVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 151
Strict Standards: Non-static method JFilterInput::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 577
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::getModules() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/document/html/html.php on line
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narcyzm
26 September 2010 11:32
Piecia
Termin ten zaczerpnięto z greckiego mitu o młodzieńcu nieszczęśliwie zakochanym w swoim własnym odbiciu. W najbardziej ogólnym rozumieniu: przesadne umiłowanie samego siebie. Termin ten może jednak przybierać różne znaczenia, w zależności od teoretycznej orientacji autora. W teorii psychoanalitycznej występuje narcyzm pierwotny i wtórny; standardowa psychiatria oznacza współcześnie tym terminem osobowość narcystyczną.
Narcyzm pierwotny w klasycznej psychoanalizie jest to wczesne stadium rozwoju, podczas którego libido jest całkowicie zainwestowane w ja lub w ego, lub też, prościej, w ciało. Nowo narodzone dziecko, narcyz pierwotny, nie postrzega jeszcze swojej matki jako odrębnego bytu, a co za tym idzie, myli uzależnienie od matki, która natychmiast zaspokaja wszystkie jego potrzeby, z własną omnipotencją. Od urodzenia musi upłynąć kilkanaście tygodni, zanim dziecko dostrzeże, że źródło potrzeb znajduje się wewnątrz, zaś źródło ich zaspokajania na zewnątrz ja. Stadium to uważane jest za normalne u bardzo małych dzieci, jeśli zaś utrzymuje się w okresie dorosłości, jest zazwyczaj uznawane za nerwicę, charakteryzującą się miłością do samego siebie, która przewyższa, jeśli nie wyklucza, miłość do innych.
Narcyzm wtórny to w klasycznej psychoanalizie miłość do samego siebie, która jest efektem wycofania libido z obiektów i osób oraz zainwestowania go w samego siebie. Narcyzm wtórny jest „próbą uśmierzenia bólu związanego z zawiedzioną miłością [do obiektu]” oraz pokonania wściekłości dziecka na tych, którzy nie reagują natychmiast na jego potrzeby, lecz odpowiadają na potrzeby innych, co wytwarza w dziecku wrażenie, iż zostało porzucone: „odrzucona miłość zwraca z powrotem ku ja jako nienawiść”. Z narcyzmem patologicznym, który „nie może być po prostu uznany za fiksację na poziomie normalnego prymitywnego narcyzmu”, mamy do czynienia dopiero od momentu, gdy rozwój ego pozwala na odróżnienie samego siebie od otaczających obiektów.
Pacjent — narcyz wtórny skarży się na niezadowolenie i poczucie bezsensu życia. Doświadcza poczucia pustki, depresji, charakteryzuje się niestabilną samooceną i brakiem umiejętności współżycia z innymi. Nie potrafi przeżywać żałoby i unika bliskich związków. Fantazjuje o własnej omnipotencji i wierzy w swoje prawo wykorzystywania innych do zaspakajania własnych potrzeb. Pragnie być podziwiany, ale tych, którzy go podziwiają, traktuje pogardliwie. Jego poczucie godności zależy od wsparcia i akceptacji osób podziwianych. Pomimo że odnosi sukcesy, życie wydaje mu się bezwartościowe.
Psychoanalitycy zauważają, że zaburzenia narcystyczne stają się coraz bardziej powszechne. Koncentrują uwagę terapeutów w tej mierze, w jakiej na początku wieku skupiały ją histeria i nerwice obsesyjne. Zdaniem Christophera Lascha owo rozpowszechnienie jest wynikiem warunków społeczno-kulturowych: „Narcyzm wydaje się najlepszym sposobem radzenia sobie z napięciami i niepokojami współczesnego życia. Panujące warunki społeczne uwypuklają cechy narcystyczne, które są obecne, choć w różnym stopniu, w każdym z nas.” Zdaniem J.Kovela do tych warunków należą: rozniecanie infantylnych pragnień przez reklamę, przypisywanie sobie autorytetu rodzicielskiego przez media i szkołę oraz racjonalizacja życia wewnętrznego wraz z towarzyszącą jej fałszywą obietnicą osobistego spełnienia. Cechy narcystyczne, takie jak łatwość w wywieraniu na innych dobrego wrażenia czy nieumiejętność zawiązywania bliskich relacji, preferują u swoich pracowników duże firmy i organizacje.
Warunki społeczno-kulturowe przekształciły także rodzinę, w której kształtuje się podstawowa struktura osobowości. Zbiorowość, która obawia się, że nie ma przed nią przyszłości, nie będzie poświęcała nadmiernej uwagi potrzebom następnego pokolenia, zaś wszechobecne poczucie braku ciągłości historycznej — plaga naszego społeczeństwa — jest szczególnie destrukcyjne właśnie dla rodziny. Wysiłki rodziców, aby dziecko czuło się kochane i chciane, nie wystarczą, by zamaskować podskórny chłód — oddalenie tych, którzy mają niewiele do przekazania następnemu pokoleniu i przyznają pierwszeństwo własnemu prawu do samorealizacji. Mieszanka emocjonalnego dystansu i prób przekonania dziecka o jego uprzywilejowanej pozycji w rodzinie — oto niezawodny przepis na narcystyczną strukturę osobowości.
W 1889 wprowadzono pojęcie narcyzmu seksualnego do języka medycznego i oznacza osiąganie przyjemności seksualnej w miłości do siebie samego, wyzwalania podniecenia przez oglądanie własnego ciała w lustrze, własnych reakcji seksualnych. Ta forma narcyzmu (seksualna) jest jednak rzadko spotykana. Przejawami narcyzmu erotycznego mogą być: miłość ograniczona do własnego JA i własnego odbicia, do uznania przez drugą osobę, czyli „kocham go (ją), bo mnie podziwia i kocha”; kult falliczny u niektórych mężczyzn; kult własnych narządów płciowych u kobiet narzucających partnerom np. pieszczoty oralno-genitalne przy własnej niechęci czy wstręcie do obdarzania nimi partnera; częste zmiany partnerów seksualnych i mnożenie ich liczby jako przejaw przekonania o własnej potencji, atrakcyjności w tak licznie dokonywanych podbojach; obawa przed zarzutem bycia nudnym w ars amandi, stąd tendencja do mnożenia technik, pozycji seksualnych, aby „olśnić partnera i wzbudzać jego podziw, uznanie”; potrzeba szukania stałych, nowych sensacji seksualnych, by wzbudzić podziw dla samego siebie, udowodnić sobie bogactwo seksualnych możliwości; rywalizacja i agresja wobec osób postrzeganych jako atrakcyjne erotycznie, dążenie do ich ośmieszenia; włączanie do swego życia seksualnego wszelkich poznawanych nowości, form współżycia „aby być na bieżąco”, np. gwałtowne upowszechnianie współżycia grupowego po publikacjach na ten temat.
Reber A. (2000). Słownik psychologii (s. 398). Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe SCHOLAR.
Lasch C. (2002). Narcystyczna osobowość naszych czasów. ResPublica
Starowicz L. (1999). Słownik Encyklopedyczny Miłość i Seks. Wydawnictwo Europa.
Last updated on 26 September 2010 16:48
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