: Non-static method JModuleHelper::getModules() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
: Non-static method JModuleHelper::_load() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
: Non-static method JRequest::getBool() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
: Non-static method JRequest::getVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
: Non-static method JRequest::_cleanVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
: Non-static method JFilterInput::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
: Non-static method JModuleHelper::getModules() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
: Non-static method JModuleHelper::_load() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
: Non-static method JRequest::getBool() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
: Non-static method JRequest::getVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
: Non-static method JRequest::_cleanVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
: Non-static method JFilterInput::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
Strict Standards: Non-static method JLoader::load() should not be called statically in
/var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/loader.php on line
161
Strict Standards: Non-static method JLoader::register() should not be called statically in
/var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/loader.php on line
138
Strict Standards: Non-static method JFactory::getSession() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/application.php on line
374
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::getModules() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/document/html/html.php on line
272
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::_load() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line
88
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getBool() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line
97
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line
217
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::_cleanVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line
151
Strict Standards: Non-static method JFilterInput::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line
577
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::getModules() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/document/html/html.php on line
272
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::_load() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line
88
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getBool() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line
97
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line
217
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::_cleanVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line
151
Strict Standards: Non-static method JFilterInput::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line
577
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::getModules() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/document/html/html.php on line 272
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::_load() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 88
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getBool() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 97
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 217
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::_cleanVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 151
Strict Standards: Non-static method JFilterInput::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 577
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::getModules() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/document/html/html.php on line 272
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::_load() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 88
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getBool() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 97
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 217
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::_cleanVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 151
Strict Standards: Non-static method JFilterInput::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 577
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::getModules() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/document/html/html.php on line 272
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::_load() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 88
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getBool() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 97
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 217
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::_cleanVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 151
Strict Standards: Non-static method JFilterInput::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 577
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::getModules() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/document/html/html.php on line 272
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::_load() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 88
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getBool() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 97
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 217
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::_cleanVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 151
Strict Standards: Non-static method JFilterInput::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 577
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::getModules() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/document/html/html.php on line 272
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::_load() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 88
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getBool() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 97
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 217
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::_cleanVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 151
Strict Standards: Non-static method JFilterInput::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 577
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::getModules() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/document/html/html.php on line 272
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::_load() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 88
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getBool() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 97
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 217
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::_cleanVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 151
Strict Standards: Non-static method JFilterInput::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 577
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::getModules() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/document/html/html.php on line 272
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::_load() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 88
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getBool() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 97
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 217
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::_cleanVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 151
Strict Standards: Non-static method JFilterInput::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 577
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::getModules() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/document/html/html.php on line 272
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::_load() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 88
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getBool() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 97
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 217
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::_cleanVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 151
Strict Standards: Non-static method JFilterInput::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 577
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::getModules() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/document/html/html.php on line 272
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::_load() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 88
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getBool() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 97
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 217
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::_cleanVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 151
Strict Standards: Non-static method JFilterInput::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 577
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::getModules() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/document/html/html.php on line 272
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::_load() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 88
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getBool() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 97
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 217
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::_cleanVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 151
Strict Standards: Non-static method JFilterInput::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 577
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::getModules() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/document/html/html.php on line 272
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::_load() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 88
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getBool() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 97
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 217
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::_cleanVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 151
Strict Standards: Non-static method JFilterInput::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 577
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::getModules() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/document/html/html.php on line 272
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::_load() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 88
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getBool() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 97
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 217
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::_cleanVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 151
Strict Standards: Non-static method JFilterInput::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 577
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::getModules() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/document/html/html.php on line 272
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::_load() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 88
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getBool() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 97
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 217
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::_cleanVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 151
Strict Standards: Non-static method JFilterInput::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 577
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::getModules() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/document/html/html.php on line 272
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::_load() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 88
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getBool() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 97
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 217
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::_cleanVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 151
Strict Standards: Non-static method JFilterInput::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 577
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::getModules() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/document/html/html.php on line 272
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::_load() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 88
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getBool() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 97
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 217
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::_cleanVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 151
Strict Standards: Non-static method JFilterInput::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 577
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::getModules() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/document/html/html.php on line 272
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::_load() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 88
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getBool() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 97
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 217
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::_cleanVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 151
Strict Standards: Non-static method JFilterInput::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 577
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::getModules() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/document/html/html.php on line 272
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::_load() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 88
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getBool() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 97
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 217
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::_cleanVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 151
Strict Standards: Non-static method JFilterInput::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 577
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::getModules() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/document/html/html.php on line 272
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::_load() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 88
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getBool() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 97
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 217
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::_cleanVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 151
Strict Standards: Non-static method JFilterInput::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 577
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::getModules() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/document/html/html.php on line
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mechanizm rozpraszania i rozdwajania
26 September 2010 11:32
Piecia
Jeden z trzech mechanizmów uzależnienia (obok mechanizmu nałogowej regulacji emocji oraz mechanizmu iluzji i zaprzeczania) w psycho-bio-społecznej koncepcji uzależnienia od alkoholu. W strukturze "Ja" osoby uzależnionej powstaje mechanizm, który uszkadza zdolność do kierowania postępowaniem i do podejmowania decyzji przez osobę uzależnioną. Uszkodzenia te dotyczą podstawowych funkcji struktury "Ja", którymi są utrzymywanie poczucia tożsamości i indywidualności, poczucia kompetencji i wpływu na własne postępowanie, poczucia wartości osobistej i sensu życia oraz poczucie moralności. Powtarzanie doświadczeń rozmywania się poczucia "Ja" w stanach zmienionej świadomości towarzyszących nietrzeźwości czyli tzw. "odlotów", wytworzyło gotowość do łatwego rozpraszania i rozluźniania się granic "Ja" pod wpływem pragnień i oczekiwań alkoholowych. Oznacza to istotne osłabienie spoistości i integracji struktury "Ja", stanowiącej centralny element osobowości i uniemożliwia budowanie stabilnych podstaw do kierowania własnym postępowaniem.
Ekstremalność doświadczeń alkoholowych związanych z własnym "Ja", doprowadza do utworzenia się biegunowych wersji "Ja", reprezentujących z jednej strony pijane złudzenia o własnych zaletach, osiągnięciach i możliwościach, a z drugiej strony negatywne sądy o własnych klęskach, grzechach i stratach. Sytuacyjnie dokonujące się i biegunowe przekształcenia tożsamości osobistej, związane ze wzbudzeniem albo wyobrażeń potęgi i doskonałości, albo wyobrażeń bezsilności i zła osobistego, stają się dominującymi stanami wewnętrznymi. Rozdzierają słabo zintegrowaną strukturę "Ja" i uniemożliwiają określenie realnych granic własnego JA ze światem zewnętrznym. Osoba uzależniona traci poczucie wpływu na bieg własnego życia, ale tym bardziej pragnie sprawować kontrolę nad stanem własnych emocji przy pomocy alkoholu. W momentach, gdy jej "Ja" jest zdominowane przez wyobrażenia o własnej mocy i gdy przy pomocy alkoholu, poprawia swoje samopoczucie, zaczyna wierzyć w swą zdolność do sprawowania kontroli nad własną sytuacją i do uratowania się przed klęską. Gdy trzeźwieje traci te złudzenia, tak więc walka o panowanie nad alkoholem staje się ostatnią formą obrony poczucia mocy i wartości osobistej.
Okresowe poddawanie się wpływowi alkoholu przynosi ulgę utraty świadomości i chwile wypoczynku w walce, ale prowadzi do załamania wizji własnej mocy, do poczucia upadku i poniżenia, stanowiącego treść negatywnej wersji "Ja". To wahnięcie na przeciwstawny biegun chwilowej tożsamości pociąga za sobą falę przykrych przeżyć przekształcających się w silne pragnienie alkoholu. Wśród doświadczeń związanych ze wzbudzaniem się negatywnej wersji "Ja" szczególną rolę spełniają złożone stany uczuciowe przeżywane jako poczucie winy i wstydu, poczucie krzywdy, poczucie bezsilności i niższości oraz utraty sensu i znaczenia życia. Nadają one specyficzną i dominującą jakość obrazowi własnej osoby oraz często uruchamiają dążenie do ucieczki od tych uczuć przy pomocy alkoholu. Tworzą fundamenty destrukcyjnej orientacji życiowej, która występuje u większości osób uzależnionych i odrywa istotną rolę nie tylko w dynamice uzależnienia ale stanowi sama w sobie bardzo poważny problem osobisty.
Mechanizm rozpraszania i rozdwajania "Ja" odgrywa istotną choć zróżnicowaną rolę w sprawie moralnej regulacji zachowań. Osoby uzależnione bardzo często mają niską zdolność do przestrzegania norm i wartości osobistych. Stopień przyswojenia takich norm u poszczególnych osób może być bardzo zróżnicowany w zależności od historii ich życia przed wystąpieniem uzależnienia. U dużej liczby alkoholików obecność tych wewnętrznych standardów jest jednak widoczna w momentach gdy ich "Ja" jest zdominowane przez negatywną wersję upadłego "Ja" i gdy ogarnia ich poczucie winy. Dramatyczne przeżywanie tych wahnięć między biegunami "Ja" może podtrzymywać obecność standardów moralnych przy niemal całkowitym braku ich wpływu na postępowanie. Służą więc głównie jako dodatkowe źródło przykrych przeżyć przekształcanych w pragnienie picia.
Istotną przyczyną nieskuteczności standardów moralnych u osób uzależnionych jest proces rozpraszania "Ja". Gdy rozpraszają się granice "Ja", rozsypują się i stają się niewyraźne również granice postępowania zgodnego z tymi standardami. Ułatwia to unikanie poczucia winy i utrudnia sprawowanie kontroli moralnej nad negatywnymi czynami.
Czasem próbą ratowania się przed upadkiem, rozumianym jako utrata mocy i wartości, jest subiektywne wywyższanie się, z którym wiąże się ten aspekt postępowania osoby uzależnionej, który określa się jako tzw. "dumę alkoholika". Przyjmowanie wpływów zewnętrznych, w szczególności nacisków związanych z negatywnymi konsekwencjami picia powoduje poczucie poniżenia i upokorzenia. Obrona przed wpływami innych ludzi (rodziny, przyjaciół, terapeutów) nakłaniającymi do powstrzymywania picia lub do leczenia przynosi paradoksalne poczucie satysfakcji i mocy ("nie dałem się złamać"). Stanowi to rozpaczliwą obronę złudzeń o osobistej wartości i mocy, lecz uniemożliwia skorzystanie z możliwości ratowania się.
Rozpraszanie granic Ja i rozdwajanie tej struktury przez jej biegunowe wersje potężnego "Ja" i upadłego "Ja" przyczynia się do tego że aktywność psychiczna tej struktury osobowościowej ma miejsce przede wszystkim na jej peryferiach. W centrum "Ja" pojawia się bardzo często "próżnia psychiczna" tzn. pusty obszar, na którym brakuje trwałych i znaczących treści wokół których mogłaby się dokonywać koordynacja funkcjonowania całego "Ja", konieczna do podejmowania i realizowania decyzji, szczególnie tych, które są trudne gdyż powodują doraźnie przykre stany emocjonalne.
Wydrążenie "Ja" przyczynia się również do utrzymywania się poczucia braku sensu i znaczenia życia osoby uzależnionej czyli do tzw. "pustki egzystencjalnej". Nawet gdy w jakimś okresie jej życia takie drogowskazy i źródła osobistego sensu pojawiły się to w wydrążonej strukturze "Ja", brakuje dla nich trwałego zakotwiczenia niezbędnego do stabilizacji poczucia pozytywnego znaczenia własnej egzystencji i do skutecznego ukierunkowania postępowania. Osoba uzależniona jest skoncentrowana na własnym "Ja", w którym dominuje chaos i bolesne rozdarcie oraz odizolowana ją od otaczającego świata z poczuciem osamotnienia i bez nadziei na pomoc z zewnątrz.
Rozpraszanie, rozdwajanie i wydrążanie "Ja" pod wpływem pragnień i oczekiwań alkoholowych pozbawia mocy wykonawczej postanowienia o zaprzestaniu picia. Jest również źródłem wielu problemów osobistych i poważną przeszkodą w prowadzeniu racjonalnego i konstruktywnego sposobu życia
zobacz również: psycho-bio-społeczny model uzależnienia
Oprac. prof. dr hab. Jerzy Mellibruda
Last updated on 26 September 2010 16:34
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