: Non-static method JModuleHelper::getModules() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
: Non-static method JModuleHelper::_load() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
: Non-static method JRequest::getBool() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
: Non-static method JRequest::getVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
: Non-static method JRequest::_cleanVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
: Non-static method JFilterInput::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
: Non-static method JModuleHelper::getModules() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
: Non-static method JModuleHelper::_load() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
: Non-static method JRequest::getBool() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
: Non-static method JRequest::getVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
: Non-static method JRequest::_cleanVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
: Non-static method JFilterInput::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
Strict Standards: Non-static method JLoader::load() should not be called statically in
/var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/loader.php on line
161
Strict Standards: Non-static method JLoader::register() should not be called statically in
/var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/loader.php on line
138
Strict Standards: Non-static method JFactory::getSession() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/application.php on line
374
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::getModules() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/document/html/html.php on line
272
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::_load() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line
88
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getBool() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line
97
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line
217
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::_cleanVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line
151
Strict Standards: Non-static method JFilterInput::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line
577
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::getModules() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/document/html/html.php on line
272
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::_load() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line
88
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getBool() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line
97
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line
217
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::_cleanVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line
151
Strict Standards: Non-static method JFilterInput::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line
577
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::getModules() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/document/html/html.php on line 272
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::_load() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 88
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getBool() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 97
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 217
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::_cleanVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 151
Strict Standards: Non-static method JFilterInput::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 577
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::getModules() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/document/html/html.php on line 272
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::_load() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 88
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getBool() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 97
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 217
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::_cleanVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 151
Strict Standards: Non-static method JFilterInput::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 577
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::getModules() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/document/html/html.php on line 272
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::_load() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 88
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getBool() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 97
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 217
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::_cleanVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 151
Strict Standards: Non-static method JFilterInput::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 577
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::getModules() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/document/html/html.php on line 272
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::_load() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 88
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getBool() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 97
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 217
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::_cleanVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 151
Strict Standards: Non-static method JFilterInput::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 577
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::getModules() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/document/html/html.php on line 272
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::_load() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 88
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getBool() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 97
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 217
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::_cleanVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 151
Strict Standards: Non-static method JFilterInput::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 577
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::getModules() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/document/html/html.php on line 272
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::_load() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 88
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getBool() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 97
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 217
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::_cleanVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 151
Strict Standards: Non-static method JFilterInput::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 577
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::getModules() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/document/html/html.php on line 272
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::_load() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 88
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getBool() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 97
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 217
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::_cleanVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 151
Strict Standards: Non-static method JFilterInput::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 577
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::getModules() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/document/html/html.php on line 272
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::_load() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 88
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getBool() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 97
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 217
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::_cleanVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 151
Strict Standards: Non-static method JFilterInput::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 577
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::getModules() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/document/html/html.php on line 272
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::_load() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 88
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getBool() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 97
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 217
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::_cleanVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 151
Strict Standards: Non-static method JFilterInput::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 577
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::getModules() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/document/html/html.php on line 272
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::_load() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 88
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getBool() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 97
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 217
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::_cleanVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 151
Strict Standards: Non-static method JFilterInput::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 577
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::getModules() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/document/html/html.php on line 272
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::_load() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 88
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getBool() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 97
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 217
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::_cleanVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 151
Strict Standards: Non-static method JFilterInput::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 577
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::getModules() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/document/html/html.php on line 272
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::_load() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 88
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getBool() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 97
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 217
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::_cleanVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 151
Strict Standards: Non-static method JFilterInput::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 577
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::getModules() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/document/html/html.php on line 272
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::_load() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 88
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getBool() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 97
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 217
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::_cleanVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 151
Strict Standards: Non-static method JFilterInput::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 577
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::getModules() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/document/html/html.php on line 272
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::_load() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 88
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getBool() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 97
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 217
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::_cleanVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 151
Strict Standards: Non-static method JFilterInput::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 577
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::getModules() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/document/html/html.php on line 272
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::_load() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 88
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getBool() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 97
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 217
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::_cleanVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 151
Strict Standards: Non-static method JFilterInput::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 577
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::getModules() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/document/html/html.php on line 272
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::_load() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 88
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getBool() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 97
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 217
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::_cleanVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 151
Strict Standards: Non-static method JFilterInput::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 577
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::getModules() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/document/html/html.php on line 272
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::_load() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 88
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getBool() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 97
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 217
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::_cleanVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 151
Strict Standards: Non-static method JFilterInput::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 577
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::getModules() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/document/html/html.php on line 272
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::_load() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 88
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getBool() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 97
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::getVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 217
Strict Standards: Non-static method JRequest::_cleanVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 151
Strict Standards: Non-static method JFilterInput::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 577
Strict Standards: Non-static method JModuleHelper::getModules() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/libraries/joomla/document/html/html.php on line
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fazy rozwoju alkoholizmu
26 September 2010 11:31
Piecia
Jest to schemat rozwoju choroby alkoholowej, który przedstawił E.M. Jellinek na podstawie analizy historii chorób ponad 2000 alkoholików. Schemat przedstawia typowy rozwój uzależnienia — nie w każdym wypadku muszą wystąpić wszystkie objawy, a ich kolejność może być indywidualnie zróżnicowana.
Jellinek wyróżnił cztery główne fazy rozwoju choroby alkoholowej:
Stadium przedalkoholowe: używanie i nadużywanie alkoholu motywowane społecznie. Przyszły alkoholik szybko zaczyna odczuwać odprężenie emocjonalne i uświadamia sobie jego związek z piciem alkoholu. Pijący raczej się nie upija, ale pije, aby zredukować doświadczane napięcia i trudności. Następuje wzrost tolerancji na alkohol — pijący przyjmuje coraz większe dawki, aby uzyskać stan odprężenia. Pojawiają się pierwsze amnezje spowodowane nadużyciem alkoholu. Okres ten trwa od kilku miesięcy do dwóch lat.
Stadium wstępne (prodromalne): rozpoczyna się w chwili wystąpienia pierwszych palimpsestów alkoholowych — alkohol zaczyna być substancją, której pijący potrzebuje. Pojawia się potajemne picie, ciągłe myślenie o alkoholu, łapczywość w piciu, poczucie winy i wyrzuty sumienia oraz unikanie rozmów na temat alkoholu. Pijący zaczyna się maskować, gdyż musi wypijać już znacznie więcej dla odczucia ulgi. Ta faza może trwać od pół roku do czterech, pięciu lat — pojawiające się coraz częściej palimpsesty zapowiadają rozwój nałogu alkoholowego.
Stadium ostre: głównym objawem w tej fazie jest utrata kontroli nad piciem i niepohamowany głód alkoholowy. Pijący traci kontrolę nad ilością wypijanego alkoholu, ale nie nad faktem rozpoczęcia picia — może czasami zachować abstynencję. Alkoholik zaprzecza wystąpieniu tego objawu i rozbudowuje system racjonalizacji usprawiedliwiających jego picie. Pojawia się coraz większy nacisk społeczny do zaprzestania picia. Alkoholik stwierdza, że to otoczenie ponosi odpowiedzialność za jego picie, co wyraża się w agresywnych zachowaniach, które pogłębiają wyobcowanie ze środowiska i umacniają wyrzuty sumienia. W tym okresie alkoholik narzuca sobie okresowo bezwzględną abstynencję i może podejmować próby zmiany dotychczasowego sposobu picia. Niepowodzenia z tym związane powodują, że jeszcze bardziej odsuwa się od otoczenia i koncentruje wyłącznie na sprawach związanych z piciem. Pojawiają się pierwsze hospitalizacje związane z coraz intensywniejszym piciem. Obniżenie popędu seksualnego skutkuje wrogością w relacjach z partnerem/partnerką i prowadzi do zazdrości alkoholowej Stadium to kończy się wraz z pojawieniem się regularnego picia porannego, które wcześniej zdarzało się rzadko.
Stadium przewlekłe: pojawia się błędne koło nałogu — długotrwałe stany zatrucia alkoholowego, zwane ciągami. Powodują one degenerację moralną oraz obniżenie sprawności funkcji intelektualnych, u około 10% populacji alkoholowych występują psychozy alkoholowe. Kłopoty finansowe powodują, że osoba pijąca sięga po alkohole niekonsumpcyjne. Tolerancja obniża się jeszcze bardziej. Występują nieokreślone lęki, różne drżączki czy zahamowania psychoruchowe; picie przybiera charakter obsesyjny. Słabnie system racjonalizacji i zaprzecze, a alkoholik uznaje się za pokonanego. Wówczas spontanicznie poddaje się leczeniu lub, nie widząc innego wyjścia z sytuacji, kontynuuje obsesyjne picie.
zobacz również: typologia Jellinka
Cierpiałkowska L. (2000) Alkoholizm: przyczyny, leczenie, profilaktyka Poznań, Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM
Last updated on 26 September 2010 14:11
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